My Online Bookkeeper Blog

If you go back a few years, you may remember that every year, about three months before your birthday, you received an earnings and benefits statement from the Social Security Administration providing you with a history of your earnings and projected benefits. Then, along came a recession and the accompanying budget cuts and the mailing out of the statements stopped, except for workers age 60 and over.

The earnings and benefits statements provided a valuable annual reminder of what you can expect to receive and how benefits are calculated. It also prompts us all buy viagra online to make Social Security part of our long-range retirement plans.

New Retirement Tool Now Available – On May 1st, Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner of Social Security, announced that an online version of the Social Security Statement is now available at the Social Security Website. The new online statement provides eligible workers with secure and convenient access to their Social Security earnings and benefits information. The online statement also provides estimates for disability and survivors benefits, making the statement an important financial planning tool. People should get in the habit of checking their online statement each year, around their birthday.

In addition to helping with financial planning, the online statement also provides workers a convenient way to determine whether their earnings are accurately posted to their Social Security records. This feature is important because Social Security benefits are based on average earnings over a person’s lifetime. If the earnings information is not accurate, the person may not receive all the benefits to which he or she is entitled. The online statement also provides the opportunity to save or print the personalized statement for financial planning discussions with family or a financial planner.

To get a personalized online statement, people age 18 and older must be able to provide information about themselves that matches information already on file with Social Security. In addition, Social Security uses Experian, an external authentication service provider, for additional verification. People must provide their identifying information and answer security questions in order to pass this verification. Social Security will not share a person’s Social Security number with Experian, but the identity check is an important part of this new, robust verification process.

Once verified, people will create a “My Social Security” account with a unique user name and password to access their online statement. In addition, the portal also includes links to information about other online services, such as applications for retirement, disability, and Medicare.

It is important to note, however, that Social Security anticipates some members of the public will not be able to be verified through this process. Some people may not correctly answer the security questions based on information on file with Experian, and others may supply identifying information that does not match their Social Security records. In instances where this occurs, people will have the option to request that a hard copy of their Social Security Statement be mailed to them. People who cannot verify online initially also may visit their local Social Security office and present an identity document in order to create an account and gain access to the online version of the statement.

In February 2012, Social Security resumed mailing paper statements to workers age 60 and older if they are not already receiving Social Security benefits. Later this year, the agency plans to mail paper statements to workers in the year they reach age 25. For more information about the new online statement, please go to www.socialsecurity.gov/mystatement.

If you discover that you forgot something on your tax return, you can amend that return after it has been filed. The need to amend can include a number of issues:

Receiving an unexpected or amended K-1 from a trust, estate, partnership, or S-corporation.
Overlooking an item of income or receiving a corrected 1099.
Forgetting about a deducible expense.
Forgetting about an expense that would qualify for a tax credit.

These are among the many reasons individuals need to amend their returns, whether it is for the just-filed 2011 return or prior year returns.

Here are some key points when considering whether to file an amended federal (Form 1040X) or state income tax return.

If you are amending for a refund, you should be aware that refunds generally won’t be paid for returns if the three-year statute of limitations from the filing due date has expired. Thus, with the exception of amending a return to carry back a business net operating loss (NOL), the IRS will pay refunds only on returns from 2009 through viagra 2011. Some states have a longer statute.

Generally, you do not need to file an amended return to correct math errors. The IRS or state agency will automatically make those corrections. Also, do not file an amended return because you forgot to attach tax forms such as W-2s or schedules. The IRS or state agency will send a request asking for the missing forms.

If you are filing to claim an additional refund, wait until you have received your original refund before filing Form 1040X. You may cash that check while waiting for any additional refund.

If you owe additional 2011 tax, file Form 1040X and pay the tax before the due date to limit interest and penalty charges that could accrue on your account. Interest is charged on any tax not paid by the due date of the original return, without regard to extensions.

When amending multiple returns, send them in separate envelopes. Sometimes when filed together, they are mistaken for a single return, and the additional returns filed in the same envelope are not processed.

If the changes involve another schedule or form, it must be completed and included with the amended return. In addition, it may be appropriate to include documentation to avoid subsequent correspondence from the IRS or state agency.

A detailed explanation of the changes must also be attached. This is required to explain to the processing staff the reason for the amendment. In insufficient explanation can lead to additional correspondence and delays.

Depending on why you file an amended federal return, you may be required to amend your state return. However, if the federal amendment is filed to claim or correct a tax credit that the state does not have, no state amended return will likely need to be filed. In most other circumstances, you will need to amend the state return as well as the federal.

2013 will bring some big changes for investors, and none of them for the better. Taxpayers affected by these upcoming changes may wish to consider taking actions in 2012 to mitigate the impact of these changes. The following are the changes that will affect investors in 2013.

Long-Term Capital Gains Rates Increase – Taxpayers have enjoyed reduced long-term capital gains rates for several years as a result of the Bush era tax cuts. However, without Congressional action, which is not expected, those reduced rates will return to the higher rates in effect prior to 2003. The table below compares the current long-term capital gains rates to the anticipated rates for 2013 and subsequent years.

Taxpayers with unrealized long-term capital gains may wish to review their holdings and consider whether it is appropriate to sell during 2012 at the lower rates or whether to continue to hold for additional increases in value. Where future increases in value are anticipated, a taxpayer could sell and realize existing gains in 2012 and then repurchase the investment for future anticipated increases. Investment strategies depend on a variety of issues, including existing capital loss carryovers, growth potential of individual investments, and other factors related to each individual, and should be carefully analyzed before taking action.

Regular Tax Rates – In addition to lower long-term capital gains rates, the regular marginal tax rates have been declining since 2001. However, without Congressional action, those reduced rates will return to higher rates in effect prior to 2001. The table below compares the current marginal individual tax rates to the anticipated rates for 2013 and subsequent years.

These increased rates will apply to all varieties of ordinary income including interest, dividends, short-term capital gains, employment income, etc. Marginal tax rates increase as a taxpayer’s overall income increases, taxing the first block of income received at the lowest rate and each subsequent block at ever-increasing rates until the maximum rate is reached. As with assets eligible for the long-term capital gains rates, it may be appropriate for some taxpayers to accelerate ordinary income into 2012 to take advantage of the lower rates.

Surtax on Investment Income – Depending upon what the Supreme Court ultimately decides about the Health Care Law, starting in 2013 a new surtax, called the Unearned Income Medicare Contribution Tax, will be imposed on individuals, estates, and trusts. For individuals, the surtax is 3.8% of the lesser of:

The taxpayer’s net investment income or
The excess of modified adjusted gross income over the threshold amount ($250,000 for a joint return or surviving spouse, $125,000 for a married individual filing a separate return, and $200,000 for all others).
Thus, this surtax will only impact higher income individuals.

“Net” investment income is investment income reduced by allowable investment expenses. Investment income includes:

Income from interest, dividends, annuities, and royalties,
Rents (other than derived from a trade or business),
Capital gains (other than derived from a trade or business),
Trade or business income that is a passive activity with respect to the taxpayer, and
Trade or business income with respect to trading financial instruments or commodities.

For surtax purposes, the net investment income does not include excluded items, such as interest on tax-exempt bonds, veterans’ benefits, and excluded gain from the sale of a principal residence.

For planning purposes, existing law favors tax-exempt bond interest, which avoids both the surtax and the regular income tax. However, you should be aware that President Obama’s tax plan would also tax the income from “tax-exempt” bonds for higher-income individuals at generally the same threshold as this surtax kicks in.

It is not too early to start planning for the 2013 tax increases. Prudent planning can significantly reduce the tax bite. At the same time, keep a watchful eye on Congress. Since this is an election year, tax changes are most likely to come after the November elections. Please

call this office if we can be of assistance in your investment tax planning.

Now that you’ve completed your taxes for 2011, you are probably wondering what old tax records can be discarded. If you are like most taxpayers, you have records from years

ago that you are afraid to throw away. To determine how to proceed, it is helpful to understand why the records needed to be kept in the first place.

Generally, we keep “tax” records for two basic reasons: (1) in case the IRS or a state agency decides to question the information reported on our tax returns; and (2) to keep track of the tax basis of our capital assets so that the tax liability can be minimized when we actually dispose of the assets.

With certain exceptions, the statute for assessing additional tax is three years from the return due date or the date the return was filed, whichever is later. However, the statute of limitations for many states is one year longer than the federal. In addition to lengthened state statutes clouding the recordkeeping issue, the federal three-year assessment period is extended to six years if a taxpayer omits from gross income an amount that is more than 25% of the income reported on a tax return. And, of course, the statutes don’t begin running until a return has been filed. There is no limit on the assessment period where a taxpayer files a false or fraudulent return in order to evade tax.

If an exception does not apply to you, for federal purposes, most of your tax records that are more than three years old can probably be discarded; add a year or so to that if you live in a state with a longer statute.

For example: Sue filed her 2011 tax return before the due date of April 17, 2012. She will be able to dispose of most of her records safely after April 15, 2015. On the other hand, Don files his 2011 return on June 2, 2012. He needs to keep his records at least until June 2, 2015. In both cases, the taxpayers may opt to keep their records a year or two longer if their states have a statute of limitations longer than three years. Note: If a due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, the due date becomes the next business day.

The big problem! The problem with discarding records indiscriminately for a particular year once the statute of limitations has expired is that many taxpayers combine their normal tax records and the records needed to substantiate the basis of capital assets. They need to be separated, and the basis records should not be discarded before the statute expires for the year in which the asset is disposed. Thus, it makes more sense to keep those records separated by asset. The following are examples of records that fall into this category:

Stock acquisition data – If you own stock in a corporation, keep the purchase records for at least four years after the year the stock is sold. This data will be needed in order to prove the amount of profit (or loss) you had on the sale.

Stock and mutual fund statements – Many taxpayers use the dividends that they receive from a stock or mutual fund to buy more shares of the same stock or fund. The reinvested amounts add to the basis in the property and reduce gains when the stock is finally sold. Keep statements at least four years after the final sale.

Tangible property purchase and improvement records – Keep records of home, investment, rental property or business property acquisitions AND related capital improvements for at least four years after the underlying property is sold.

The distinction has significant implications for both the employer and the employee. Employers like to treat individuals as independent contractors because they avoid having to match the employees’ payroll tax, pay benefits, pay unemployment insurance, etc. This results in a significant savings for employers.

When you are an employee, the employer pays you a net amount after making all the required tax withholdings and provides you with a W-2 for tax reporting that shows your taxable wages and details all of the withholding amounts. If you are an independent contractor, the employer will pay you a gross amount without any withholding and will issue you a 1099-MISC.

Independent contractors must pay self-employment (SE) tax instead of having FICA (Social Security and Medicare program contributions) deducted from their wages. The SE tax rate is generally twice the amount of the FICA rate. Independent contractors are generally treated the same as self-employed individuals, so the SE tax and income tax are based on their net earnings after deducting any allowable expenses incurred to earn the income.

The problem here is that employees generally do not have tax-deductible expenses related to their jobs, so employees who are incorrectly classified as independent contractors find themselves essentially paying both the employer’s and their own share of the Social Security and Medicare taxes. To make matters worse, as an independent contractor, no federal or state income tax was withheld, leaving the independent contractor with a sometimes unexpected tax liability.

Classifying a worker as an employee or independent contractor is not discretionary for the employer. The employer must follow federal guidelines when making the determination. Basically, it boils down to whether the employer has direction and control over the

individual, which includes, among other guidelines, specifying working hours, how to perform the work tasks, the right to fire, etc. If the employer does have direction and control, the individual is probably an employee.

If you have been treated as an independent contractor and think that you are really an employee, you do have recourse. You can file Form 8919. If the IRS agrees with you, you only have to pay the employee share of FICA/Medicare not the self-employment tax. You still have to pay the income tax. The filing will make life miserable for your presumably former “employer,” so it might turn into a bridge-burning exercise.